immunhiánynak

Immunhiány refers to a state where the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease is compromised or entirely lacking. This can make an individual more susceptible to infections, and the infections that do occur may be more severe, frequent, or prolonged. Immunhiány can arise from a variety of causes, broadly categorized as primary or secondary.

Primary immunhiány, also known as inherited immunodeficiency disorders, are genetic conditions present from birth. These defects are typically caused by mutations in genes that are crucial for the development and function of the immune system. There are over 400 known types of primary immunhiány, affecting different components of the immune system, such as antibodies, white blood cells, or complement proteins. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).

Secondary immunhiány develops later in life and is acquired as a result of external factors or other diseases. Common causes of secondary immunhiány include malnutrition, certain viral infections like HIV, chronic diseases such as diabetes or cancer, and the use of immunosuppressive medications, such as those used in chemotherapy or organ transplantation. These factors can impair the immune system's function, leading to increased vulnerability to infections. Diagnosis often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests to assess immune cell counts and function. Management strategies aim to prevent infections, treat existing ones, and, in some primary cases, replace or boost the deficient immune function.