ihoärsykkeet

Ihoärsykkeet, often translated as skin irritants or skin sensitizers, are substances that can cause an adverse reaction when they come into contact with the skin. These reactions can manifest in various ways, including redness, itching, burning, and inflammation. There are two primary categories of skin reactions: irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.

Irritant contact dermatitis is the most common type and occurs when a substance directly damages the skin's outer layer. This can happen through a single exposure to a strong irritant or repeated exposure to milder ones. Examples of common irritants include soaps, detergents, solvents, and certain acids or alkalis. The reaction is not an immune system response and is generally predictable based on the concentration and duration of exposure.

Allergic contact dermatitis, on the other hand, is an immune system response. It occurs when the skin is exposed to a substance (an allergen) that triggers a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. The first exposure might not cause a visible reaction, but it sensitizes the immune system. Subsequent exposures, even to small amounts, can then lead to an allergic reaction. Common allergens include poison ivy, nickel, fragrances, and preservatives found in cosmetics and personal care products. Diagnosis often involves patch testing to identify the specific allergen. Prevention focuses on avoiding known irritants and allergens.