idegsejtelvezetés

idegsejtelvezetés refers to the process by which nerve impulses are transmitted along a neuron. This electrical signal, known as an action potential, is generated and propagated due to the movement of ions across the neuron's cell membrane. The process begins when a stimulus causes a change in the membrane potential, leading to the opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. Sodium ions rush into the cell, causing depolarization and the generation of an action potential.

This depolarization then triggers the opening of adjacent sodium channels, propagating the action potential down the axon. As the action potential moves, voltage-gated potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the cell, which repolarizes the membrane, returning it to its resting potential. Myelin sheaths, which insulate the axon, greatly speed up this conduction through a process called saltatory conduction, where the action potential "jumps" between gaps in the myelin known as nodes of Ranvier.

Upon reaching the axon terminal, the action potential triggers the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These chemical messengers then bind to receptors on the next neuron or target cell, continuing the signal transmission. idegsejtelvezetés is fundamental to all nervous system functions, enabling communication between different parts of the body and the brain.