hüpohlooriidi

Hüpohlooriidi refers to the anion with the chemical formula ClO⁻. It is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid, HOCl. The hypohalite ions, including hypochlorite, are characterized by a halogen atom in the +1 oxidation state. Hypochlorite is a strong oxidizing agent and is unstable, readily undergoing disproportionation. In aqueous solutions, hypochlorite exists in equilibrium with hypochlorous acid, the ratio of which is dependent on pH. At lower pH values, hypochlorous acid predominates, while at higher pH values, the hypochlorite ion is more abundant.

Sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) is a common and widely used chemical. It is the active ingredient in bleach and is employed for disinfection, sterilization, and as a bleaching agent. It is produced industrially through the electrolysis of brine. Other hypohalites, such as potassium hypochlorite (KClO) and lithium hypochlorite (LiClO), also exist but are less commonly encountered than their sodium counterpart. Hypochlorite compounds are known for their effectiveness in killing bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Their oxidizing power allows them to break down organic molecules, rendering them harmless. Due to their reactivity, hypochlorite solutions should be stored carefully, often in opaque containers away from light and heat, as they can degrade over time.