hüdrokloriid

Hüdrokloriid is the salt formed between hydrochloric acid and a base. In organic chemistry, it most commonly refers to the hydrochloride salt of an amine. When an amine, which is a basic compound, reacts with hydrochloric acid, a proton is transferred from the acid to the nitrogen atom of the amine, forming a positively charged ammonium ion. A negatively charged chloride ion is also present, completing the salt.

These hydrochloride salts are generally crystalline solids that are more soluble in water and polar solvents than the parent amine. This increased solubility is often advantageous for pharmaceutical applications, allowing for easier administration and absorption of drugs that contain amine functional groups. Many common medications, such as those containing an amine group, are formulated as their hydrochloride salts to improve their bioavailability. The formation of a hydrochloride salt can also increase the stability of the amine.

The process of forming a hydrochloride salt is a neutralization reaction. The naming convention for these salts typically involves the name of the amine followed by "hydrochloride." For example, if an amine named "R-NH2" reacts with hydrochloric acid, the resulting salt would be "R-NH3+ Cl-", named "R-amine hydrochloride."