húðbólgu

Húðbólgu is the Icelandic term for eczema or dermatitis, a general term for a group of inflammatory skin conditions that cause the skin to become itchy, red, dry, and sometimes cracked or blistered. There are several types of eczema, each with its own triggers and characteristics.

Atopic dermatitis is the most common form, often appearing in childhood and linked to a family history of allergies or asthma. Contact dermatitis occurs when the skin reacts to a specific irritant or allergen, such as certain soaps, detergents, cosmetics, or metals. Irritant contact dermatitis is caused by direct damage to the skin, while allergic contact dermatitis is an immune system response.

Other types include seborrheic dermatitis, which affects oily areas like the scalp and face, and nummular eczema, characterized by coin-shaped patches of irritated skin. Stasis dermatitis occurs in the lower legs due to poor circulation.

The exact cause of eczema is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune system factors. Treatments aim to reduce inflammation and itching, and often include topical corticosteroids, moisturizers, and avoiding known triggers. Lifestyle changes, such as using gentle soaps and wearing soft clothing, can also help manage symptoms. While eczema cannot be cured, it can be effectively managed with appropriate care.