hízósejtekben

Mast cells, known as hízósejtek in Hungarian, are a type of white blood cell that plays a crucial role in the immune system, particularly in allergic reactions and defense against pathogens. They are found in connective tissues throughout the body, especially near blood vessels, nerves, and in the skin, lungs, and digestive tract.

These cells are characterized by their cytoplasm, which is densely packed with granules containing various bioactive mediators. Key among these are histamine, heparin, and a variety of enzymes and cytokines. When mast cells are activated, either by an allergen or other stimuli, they undergo degranulation, releasing these pre-formed mediators into the surrounding tissue.

Histamine is a well-known mediator that causes vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and smooth muscle contraction, leading to symptoms like itching, swelling, and bronchoconstriction. Heparin is an anticoagulant. Other released substances contribute to inflammation, attract other immune cells, and can influence tissue repair.

Mast cells are involved in both immediate hypersensitivity reactions (allergies) and in the body's response to parasites and certain bacterial infections. They also participate in wound healing and angiogenesis. Dysregulation of mast cell activity can contribute to chronic inflammatory conditions and certain types of cancer. Their complex role highlights their importance in maintaining tissue homeostasis and responding to environmental challenges.