hypovolémiával

Hypovolémia refers to a state of abnormally low circulating blood volume. This reduction in blood volume can affect both the plasma and red blood cell components. The primary consequence of hypovolémia is a decrease in venous return to the heart, leading to a drop in cardiac output and subsequent reduced tissue perfusion.

The causes of hypovolémia are diverse and can include significant fluid loss due to hemorrhage, severe vomiting or diarrhea, extensive burns, or excessive diuretic use. Dehydration, where fluid loss exceeds intake, can also result in hypovolémia. The body attempts to compensate for the reduced volume through various mechanisms, such as increased heart rate and vasoconstriction, to maintain blood pressure and vital organ perfusion.

Symptoms of hypovolémia can range from mild to life-threatening, depending on the severity of the volume deficit. Early signs may include thirst, dry mucous membranes, and decreased urine output. As the condition progresses, symptoms can escalate to include dizziness, weakness, rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure (hypotension), and in severe cases, shock and organ failure.

Diagnosis of hypovolémia typically involves a thorough medical history, physical examination assessing signs of dehydration and hypoperfusion, and laboratory tests that may include blood counts and electrolyte levels. Management focuses on restoring circulating volume, usually through intravenous fluid administration. The type and rate of fluid replacement depend on the underlying cause and the extent of the volume loss. Severe cases may require blood transfusions.