hypovolemás

Hypovolemia is a state of abnormally low fluid volume in the circulatory system. This can be due to blood loss or severe dehydration. The body has mechanisms to compensate for a reduction in circulating volume, such as increasing heart rate and constricting blood vessels, to maintain blood pressure and organ perfusion. However, if the volume loss is significant or prolonged, these compensatory mechanisms can fail, leading to hypovolemic shock.

Symptoms of hypovolemia vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Mild hypovolemia might present with thirst, dry mouth, and decreased urine output. As the condition worsens, individuals may experience dizziness, lightheadedness, rapid heartbeat, and a drop in blood pressure. Severe hypovolemia can result in confusion, lethargy, cold and clammy skin, and ultimately, organ damage due to insufficient oxygen supply.

The treatment for hypovolemia focuses on restoring the lost fluid volume. This can involve administering intravenous fluids, such as saline or Ringer's lactate, to rehydrate the patient and increase blood volume. If the cause is significant blood loss, blood transfusions may be necessary. Addressing the underlying cause of fluid loss, such as stopping bleeding or treating vomiting and diarrhea, is also crucial for recovery. Early recognition and prompt treatment are essential to prevent the progression to hypovolemic shock and its potentially life-threatening consequences.