hypostomatické

Hypostomatic refers to a condition or characteristic related to stomata, which are pores on the surface of leaves and stems that regulate gas exchange. In plants, stomata can be found on either the upper (adaxial) or lower (abaxial) surface of a leaf. A hypostomatic leaf is one where the stomata are predominantly or exclusively located on the lower epidermis. This arrangement is a common adaptation in many plant species.

The distribution of stomata is influenced by environmental factors and evolutionary pressures. For example, plants growing in arid or hot environments may have a hypostomatic arrangement to reduce water loss through transpiration, as the lower surface of the leaf is often more shaded and cooler than the upper surface. This can help conserve moisture, which is critical for survival in such conditions. Conversely, plants with a more even distribution of stomata on both surfaces are termed amphistomatic, while those with stomata mainly on the upper surface are epistomatic.

The position and density of stomata are important physiological traits that affect a plant's photosynthetic rate, water use efficiency, and overall adaptation to its habitat. The hypostomatic condition is a widespread strategy observed across various plant families, contributing to their ecological success. Understanding stomatal distribution, including the hypostomatic characteristic, is fundamental in plant physiology and ecology.