hypervolémiás

Hypervolemia is a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of fluid in the bloodstream. It is essentially an abnormal expansion of the extracellular fluid volume. This can occur due to various underlying causes, including kidney failure, heart failure, liver disease, and certain hormonal imbalances. In kidney failure, the kidneys are unable to adequately excrete excess fluid and sodium, leading to their accumulation. Similarly, in heart failure, the weakened heart struggles to pump blood efficiently, causing fluid to back up in the circulatory system. Liver disease can impair the production of proteins essential for maintaining fluid balance, contributing to hypervolemia.

The symptoms of hypervolemia can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause. Common signs include swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, and feet (edema), shortness of breath due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema), increased blood pressure (hypertension), and weight gain. In more severe cases, individuals may experience fatigue, confusion, and a rapid heart rate. Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as blood tests to assess kidney and liver function, and urine tests. Imaging studies like chest X-rays may also be used to detect fluid in the lungs.

Treatment for hypervolemia focuses on addressing the underlying cause and removing excess fluid from the body. Diuretics, medications that promote urine production, are commonly prescribed to help the kidneys eliminate excess fluid and sodium. Fluid and sodium restriction in the diet is also a crucial component of management. In cases of severe hypervolemia or when kidney function is significantly impaired, dialysis may be necessary to remove excess fluid and waste products from the blood. Managing the underlying conditions like heart failure or liver disease is essential for long-term control of hypervolemia.