hyperplázii

Hyperplázia is a medical term describing the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of its cells. This increase is a response to a stimulus and is considered a reversible process if the stimulus is removed. Unlike hyperplasia, hypertrophy involves an increase in the size of individual cells, not their number. Hyperplasia is a common physiological or pathological adaptation.

Physiological hyperplasia occurs in response to normal stimuli. Examples include the enlargement of the uterus during pregnancy, driven by hormonal changes, or the proliferation of glandular tissue in the female breast during puberty and pregnancy. Another example is compensatory hyperplasia, where certain tissues, like the liver, can regenerate after partial removal by increasing their cell number.

Pathological hyperplasia is a response to abnormal stimuli, often hormonal imbalances or chronic irritation. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), common in older men, is characterized by an enlarged prostate due to increased cell growth, likely influenced by hormonal changes. Endometrial hyperplasia, an overgrowth of the uterine lining, can be caused by prolonged exposure to estrogen without adequate progesterone. While often benign, some forms of pathological hyperplasia can increase the risk of developing cancer. Diagnosis typically involves a biopsy to examine the cellular structure and rule out malignancy. Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and location of the hyperplasia and may include medication or surgical intervention.