hyperkalemiában

Hyperkalemiában, or hyperkalemia, is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood. Potassium is an essential electrolyte that plays a crucial role in nerve and muscle function, including the heart. While potassium is vital for these processes, excessive amounts can disrupt the body's delicate balance, leading to serious health consequences.

Several factors can contribute to hyperkalemia. Impaired kidney function is a common cause, as the kidneys are primarily responsible for filtering excess potassium from the blood. Certain medications, such as ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers, and potassium-sparing diuretics, can also lead to elevated potassium levels. Additionally, conditions like Addison's disease, uncontrolled diabetes, and severe tissue damage from trauma or burns can release potassium into the bloodstream.

The symptoms of hyperkalemia can vary depending on the severity. Mild cases may be asymptomatic, while more severe hyperkalemia can manifest as muscle weakness, fatigue, nausea, and irregular heartbeats. In critical situations, hyperkalemia can lead to life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.

Diagnosis of hyperkalemia is typically made through a blood test that measures potassium levels. An electrocardiogram (ECG) may also be performed to assess the heart's electrical activity, as hyperkalemia can cause characteristic changes. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels and address the underlying cause. This may involve dietary restrictions, medications to shift potassium into cells, or medications to remove excess potassium from the body. In severe cases, emergency treatment is required.