hyperhydraatio

Hyperhydration refers to the excessive consumption of fluids, particularly water, which can overwhelm the body's ability to excrete it. This condition, also known as water intoxication or dilutional hyponatremia, occurs when the concentration of sodium in the blood drops to dangerously low levels. Sodium is a critical electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance inside and outside cells. When sodium levels become too dilute, water moves from the bloodstream into cells, causing them to swell.

The symptoms of hyperhydration can vary in severity and may include nausea, vomiting, headache, confusion, and fatigue. In more severe cases, it can lead to seizures, coma, and even death. The risk of hyperhydration is generally low for most people with healthy kidney function, as the kidneys can typically process and excrete large volumes of water. However, certain factors can increase susceptibility. These include strenuous physical activity where large amounts of water are consumed without adequate electrolyte replacement, certain medical conditions that affect kidney function or hormone regulation, and the use of some medications.

Preventing hyperhydration involves moderate fluid intake, especially during prolonged exercise or in hot weather. It is advisable to drink when thirsty and to consume fluids containing electrolytes if engaging in intense physical activity for extended periods. If experiencing symptoms suggestive of hyperhydration, it is important to seek medical attention promptly.