hydroxylapatit

Hydroxylapatite is a mineral form of calcium apatite with the formula Ca5(PO4)3(OH). It is a member of the apatite group and is the mineral constituent of bone and teeth. In its pure form, hydroxylapatite is a white solid. However, it often occurs in nature as a yellowish or brownish solid, due to the presence of trace impurities. It crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system.

Hydroxylapatite is found in nature in rocks such as apatite and is a common component of the Earth's crust. It is also found in meteorites. In biological systems, hydroxylapatite is the primary inorganic component of vertebrate bones and teeth, making up about 70% of bone mass and a significant portion of tooth enamel and dentin. This biological apatite is often substituted with other ions such as carbonate, magnesium, and strontium.

In addition to its biological significance, hydroxylapatite has numerous industrial and medical applications. It is used as a bioceramic in implants and prosthetics due to its biocompatibility and ability to integrate with bone tissue. It is also employed as a stationary phase in chromatography for the separation of proteins and nucleic acids. Furthermore, hydroxylapatite is used in toothpaste formulations to strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Its ability to absorb and release ions also makes it useful in water treatment and in the production of fertilizers.