hydrolýze
Hydrolýze, or hydrolysis, is a chemical process in which a compound reacts with water, leading to the cleavage of bonds and the formation of smaller molecules. Water acts as a reactant and often provides protons or hydroxide ions. Hydrolysis can be catalyzed by acids, bases, or enzymes, and its direction and rate depend on the substrate and conditions.
In organic chemistry, hydrolysis refers to bond cleavage by water, frequently with catalytic assistance. Common examples
In biology, hydrolysis is central to digestion and metabolism. Proteases hydrolyze peptide bonds in proteins; carbohydrases
Mechanistically, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis uses hydronium to activate substrates and speed nucleophilic water attack, while base-catalyzed hydrolysis
Applications and significance include industrial and environmental contexts. Hydrolysis is used to break down esters in