hydridijohdannaiset

Hydridijohdannaiset, known in English as hydride derivatives, refers to chemical compounds that contain the hydride ion (H⁻) as a substituent. The hydride ion is a hydrogen atom that has gained an electron, giving it a negative charge. These compounds are typically formed with electropositive metals, meaning metals that readily lose electrons.

The most common and simplest hydridijohdannaiset are the ionic hydrides, such as sodium hydride (NaH) and calcium hydride (CaH₂). In these compounds, the metal cation is attracted to the hydride anion, forming an ionic bond. These substances are often crystalline solids and can be strong reducing agents, meaning they readily donate electrons to other chemical species. They are often prepared by direct reaction of the metal with hydrogen gas at elevated temperatures.

Beyond simple ionic hydrides, the term can also encompass more complex structures and covalent compounds where hydrogen is bonded to another element, and the overall character is considered hydridic. For instance, some organometallic compounds might be described as hydride derivatives if they contain a metal-hydride bond. The reactivity of hydridijohdannaiset varies significantly depending on the nature of the metal and the overall structure of the compound. Their applications range from reducing agents in organic synthesis to sources of hydrogen gas and components in specialized materials.