humuksen
Humuksen is a term used in Finnish soil science to refer to the stable, organic component of soil known in English as humus. Humus is the portion of soil organic matter that remains after relatively rapid decomposition, formed by the long-term microbial transformation and polymerization of plant and animal residues. It is dark in color, often fine-textured, and is intimately mixed with mineral soil; it tends to accumulate in the surface horizons.
Formation and composition: Humus forms through humification, a process in which litter and microbial residues are
Functional role: Humus improves soil structure by promoting aggregation, increasing porosity, and reducing bulk density. It
Environmental and agricultural significance: Because it is relatively long-lived, humus is a major sink for carbon