hodnotou

Hodnotou is the instrumental singular form of the Czech and Slovak noun hodnota, meaning value or worth. It is used to express the value, price, or appraisal of something and appears in financial, legal, and academic contexts as well as in everyday language.

Grammatical note: hodnota is feminine; singular forms are nominative hodnota, genitive hodnoty, dative hodnotě, accusative hodnotu, instrumental hodnotou, locative hodnotě. The instrumental singular is hodnotou. Plural forms are nominative hodnoty, genitive hodnot, dative hodnotám, accusative hodnoty, instrumental hodnotami, locative hodnotách.

Usage examples: In Czech and Slovak, hodnotou often follows prepositions such as s or in constructions expressing estimation or measurement. Examples:

- Kniha byla oceněna hodnotou 2 000 Kč.

- Projekt byl schválen s hodnotou investic 1 milion korun.

- V ekonomickém textu je hodnota aktiva často vyjádřena hodnotou 5 milionů korun.

These usages illustrate how hodnotou functions as the instrument to denote the measured or assigned value.

Relation to other terms: hodnota is the base noun meaning value; hodnotou is its instrumental form. Related concepts include ocenění (valuation), hodnota (value), and hodnocení (evaluation). In Slovak, the same instrumental form hodnotou is used in parallel contexts.

Etymology: hodnota derives from the adjective hodný (worthy) through abstract noun formation, yielding the common term for value or worth in both Czech and Slovak.