hiponatrémiát

Hyponatremia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally low level of sodium in the blood. Sodium is an electrolyte that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance and nerve and muscle function. When sodium levels drop too low, water can move into cells, causing them to swell.

Symptoms of hyponatremia can vary depending on the severity and how quickly the sodium levels drop. Mild cases may present with no symptoms or only subtle signs like nausea, headache, and fatigue. As levels decrease further, more severe symptoms can develop, including confusion, irritability, muscle weakness, cramps, seizures, and in extreme situations, coma.

There are several causes for hyponatremia. These can include excessive fluid intake, which dilutes the sodium in the blood, or conditions that lead to increased water retention, such as heart failure, kidney disease, or liver disease. Certain medications, like diuretics, can also contribute to hyponatremia. Hormonal imbalances, such as too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH), can also play a role.

Diagnosis of hyponatremia is typically made through a blood test that measures the sodium concentration. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity of the condition. Mild cases may be managed by restricting fluid intake or adjusting medications. More severe or chronic hyponatremia may require intravenous administration of sodium-containing fluids. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to prevent serious complications.