hiperpláziával

Hiperplázia refers to the enlargement of an organ or tissue caused by an increase in the number of its constituent cells. This is a physiological or pathological response to a stimulus. Unlike hypertrophy, which is an increase in cell size, hyperplasia involves actual cell division.

Common examples of hyperplasia include the increase in the endometrial lining of the uterus during the menstrual cycle, a normal physiological process. Another example is the enlargement of the smooth muscle cells in the uterus during pregnancy. Pathological hyperplasia can occur in response to chronic irritation or hormonal imbalances. For instance, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common condition in older men where the prostate gland enlarges due to an increase in the number of its cells.

Histologically, hyperplastic tissue appears normal but is composed of more cells than usual. The cells themselves are typically of normal size and appearance. While hyperplasia is generally considered a benign condition, some forms can be premalignant, meaning they have the potential to develop into cancer if the underlying cause is not addressed. For example, atypical endometrial hyperplasia can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.

The treatment for hyperplasia depends on its cause and whether it is considered physiological or pathological. In many cases, addressing the underlying stimulus, such as hormonal imbalance or irritation, can lead to regression of the hyperplastic tissue. In cases where there is a risk of malignancy, medical or surgical intervention may be necessary.