hidrolízis

Hidrolisis is a chemical reaction in which a compound is broken down into simpler substances when water is added. This process typically involves the cleavage of chemical bonds, often resulting in the formation of new compounds. The term "hidrolisis" comes from the Greek words "hydro," meaning water, and "lysis," meaning to break apart. This reaction is fundamental in various biological and chemical processes.

In biological contexts, hidrolisis plays a crucial role in digestion, where enzymes break down complex molecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and fats into smaller, absorbable units. For example, the enzyme amylase breaks down starch into simpler sugars, which can then be absorbed by the body.

In chemistry, hidrolisis can be either acidic or basic, depending on the nature of the catalyst. Acidic hidrolisis occurs in the presence of acids, while basic hidrolisis occurs in the presence of bases. This reaction is widely used in industrial processes, such as the production of fertilizers and the treatment of wastewater.

Hidrolisis is also a key concept in environmental science, where it is used to describe the breakdown of pollutants in soil and water. Understanding hidrolisis is essential for developing effective strategies for waste management and environmental remediation.