hidrogénkarbonátiont

The hidrogénkarbonátiont, also known as the bicarbonate ion, is a polyatomic anion with the chemical formula HCO3-. It is a common and important species in both natural and industrial processes. It is formed when a carbonate ion (CO3^2-) accepts a proton (H+), or when carbonic acid (H2CO3) loses a proton. In aqueous solutions, it exists in equilibrium with dissolved carbon dioxide and carbonate ions, a process crucial for buffering pH.

The bicarbonate ion is amphoteric, meaning it can act as both an acid and a base. As an acid, it can donate a proton to form a carbonate ion. As a base, it can accept a proton to form carbonic acid. This ability to neutralize both acids and bases makes it a vital component of biological systems, particularly in maintaining the pH balance of blood.

In geological contexts, the hidrogénkarbonátiont plays a significant role in the weathering of rocks, especially those containing calcium carbonate. It is also a major component of hard water. Industrially, it is used in various applications, including baking (as a leavening agent when combined with an acid), in fire extinguishers, and in the production of chemicals. Its presence in water bodies is an indicator of dissolved carbon dioxide and geological activity.