hidridát

Hidridát is a term used in chemistry to refer to a chemical compound containing hydrogen that is bonded to a more electropositive element or group. In such compounds, hydrogen typically exists as the hydride anion (H⁻). Hydrides are a diverse class of compounds with a wide range of properties and applications.

They can be broadly categorized into ionic hydrides, covalent hydrides, and metallic hydrides. Ionic hydrides, formed with alkali and alkaline earth metals, are typically solid, crystalline compounds that react vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas. Covalent hydrides, formed with nonmetals like elements in groups 14-17, are often gases or liquids and can exhibit polar covalent bonds depending on the electronegativity difference. Examples include methane (CH₄) and ammonia (NH₃). Metallic hydrides are formed with transition metals and can exist in non-stoichiometric forms. In these, hydrogen atoms occupy interstitial sites within the metal lattice, leading to unique physical properties.

Hydrides play crucial roles in various chemical processes. For instance, they are used as reducing agents in organic synthesis, as sources of hydrogen for fuel cells, and in the storage of hydrogen for energy applications. The reactivity and properties of hydrides are heavily influenced by the nature of the element bonded to hydrogen.