hexanoic

Hexanoic acid, also known as caproic acid, is a saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid with six carbon atoms (C6H12O2). Its structure is CH3-(CH2)4-COOH. It is a colorless, oily liquid at room temperature and is notable for a strong, unpleasant odor reminiscent of goats, which gave rise to the common name caproic acid.

Chemistry and properties: As a fatty acid, hexanoic acid is moderately acidic, with a pKa around 4.8. It is sparingly soluble in water but more soluble in organic solvents. It tends to form esters readily in reactions with alcohols and has a relatively high boiling point for a short-chain carboxylic acid.

Occurrence and production: Hexanoic acid occurs in trace amounts in some animal fats and dairy products. Industrially, it is prepared by oxidation of the corresponding aldehyde (hexanal) or by hydrolysis of esters; it can also be produced through fermentation processes.

Uses: It serves as a chemical building block in organic synthesis and as a precursor to esters used in flavors and fragrances. Esters of hexanoic acid, such as hexanoates, contribute fruity or floral notes and are employed in perfumery and food flavorings.

Safety and handling: Hexanoic acid is an irritant to skin and eyes and may irritate the respiratory tract if inhaled in high concentrations. It should be handled with appropriate personal protective equipment, stored away from oxidizers, and disposed of according to applicable regulations.