hepatotsüütideks

Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver, making up approximately 70-80% of the liver's mass. These specialized cells are responsible for a vast array of metabolic, endocrine, and exocrine functions critical to maintaining overall health.

Hepatocytes are large, polygonal cells with one or two nuclei. They are arranged in hexagonal lobules, with a central vein and portal triads at the periphery. This structural organization facilitates efficient blood flow and nutrient exchange within the liver. The apical surface of hepatocytes faces the bile canaliculi, which collect bile produced by the cells, while the basolateral surface faces the sinusoids, where blood from the portal vein and hepatic artery circulates.

The metabolic functions of hepatocytes are extensive. They are central to carbohydrate metabolism, storing glucose as glycogen and releasing it when needed. They also play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, synthesizing cholesterol and triglycerides, and metabolizing fatty acids. Protein synthesis is another key function, with hepatocytes producing albumin, clotting factors, and many other essential plasma proteins. Furthermore, they are involved in detoxification, metabolizing drugs and toxins, and producing bile, which aids in digestion and waste elimination. Hepatocytes also synthesize and secrete hormones, and play a role in vitamin and mineral storage.

Due to their central role in numerous vital processes, hepatocytes are highly susceptible to damage from toxins, viruses, and metabolic disorders. Liver diseases often manifest as a decline in hepatocyte function or as cell death, leading to a range of clinical symptoms.