hepatotoxicite

Hepatotoxicity refers to damage to the liver caused by exposure to certain chemicals, medications, or toxins. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic functions, including detoxification of substances absorbed from the digestive tract. When the liver's capacity to process these substances is overwhelmed or when a substance is inherently toxic to liver cells, it can lead to injury.

The causes of hepatotoxicity are diverse. They can include prescription and over-the-counter medications, herbal supplements, illicit drugs, industrial chemicals, and environmental toxins. Certain medications, such as acetaminophen (paracetamol) in excessive doses, are a common cause of drug-induced liver injury. Alcohol is also a well-known hepatotoxin, contributing to conditions like alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis.

Symptoms of hepatotoxicity can vary depending on the severity and cause of the liver damage. They may include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and dark urine. In some cases, liver damage can be reversible if the offending agent is removed promptly. However, severe or chronic hepatotoxicity can lead to irreversible liver damage, liver failure, and even death. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to assess liver enzymes, imaging studies, and sometimes a liver biopsy. Management focuses on identifying and discontinuing the causative agent and supportive care.