hepatosyyttejä

Hepatocytes are the primary functional cells of the liver. They constitute the vast majority of the liver's mass, making up about 80% of the organ's volume. These remarkable cells are responsible for a multitude of metabolic, endocrine, and exocrine functions essential for maintaining homeostasis.

Hepatocytes are polyhedral in shape and are arranged in interconnected cords or plates that radiate from central veins within the liver lobules. They have a single, large, usually centrally located nucleus, though binucleated hepatocytes can also be found. The cytoplasm is rich in organelles, including abundant mitochondria, a well-developed endoplasmic reticulum (both rough and smooth), and a prominent Golgi apparatus, reflecting their high metabolic activity.

Their functions are incredibly diverse. Hepatocytes are central to carbohydrate metabolism, storing glucose as glycogen and releasing it when needed. They play a critical role in lipid metabolism, synthesizing cholesterol and lipoproteins, and metabolizing fatty acids. Protein synthesis is another key function, with hepatocytes producing most of the plasma proteins, including albumin and clotting factors.

Furthermore, hepatocytes are involved in detoxification, metabolizing drugs, toxins, and waste products like bilirubin, preparing them for excretion. They also synthesize bile, which aids in the digestion and absorption of fats in the small intestine. Their endocrine functions include the synthesis of hormones like insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Due to their central role, damage or dysfunction of hepatocytes can lead to significant health consequences.