hepatomegália

Hepatomegaly is the medical term for an enlarged liver. The liver is a vital organ located in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen, responsible for numerous essential functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of biochemicals necessary for digestion. When the liver becomes larger than its normal size, it is referred to as hepatomegaly.

The causes of hepatomegaly are diverse and can range from temporary conditions to serious underlying diseases. Common causes include viral hepatitis (such as Hepatitis A, B, and C), fatty liver disease (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), cirrhosis (scarring of the liver), and liver cancer. Other potential causes include certain genetic disorders, heart failure, mononucleosis, and metabolic diseases like Wilson's disease or hemochromatosis.

Often, hepatomegaly is asymptomatic, meaning it does not produce noticeable symptoms. However, when symptoms do occur, they can include abdominal pain or discomfort in the upper right abdomen, a feeling of fullness, jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), nausea, vomiting, and unexplained weight loss. The presence of these symptoms can depend on the underlying cause and the severity of the liver enlargement.

Diagnosis of hepatomegaly typically involves a physical examination, where a healthcare provider may feel the enlarged liver during palpation of the abdomen. Blood tests to assess liver function and look for signs of infection or inflammation are crucial. Imaging techniques such as an ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI are often used to visualize the liver and determine its size and any abnormalities. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be performed to obtain a tissue sample for microscopic examination, which can help identify the specific cause of the enlargement.

Treatment for hepatomegaly is directed at the underlying cause. If the enlargement is due to a reversible condition like alcoholic fatty liver disease, lifestyle changes such as reducing alcohol intake may be sufficient. For viral hepatitis, antiviral medications can be effective. More serious conditions like cirrhosis or liver cancer may require specific medical or surgical interventions. In cases of severe liver damage, a liver transplant may be considered.