hepatobiliarë

Hepatobiliary refers to conditions affecting the liver and the biliary system. The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous metabolic functions, including detoxification, protein synthesis, and the production of bile. The biliary system, comprised of the gallbladder and bile ducts, stores and transports bile from the liver to the small intestine, where it aids in the digestion of fats.

Diseases within the hepatobiliary system can manifest in various ways. Liver diseases include hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, often caused by viral infections like hepatitis A, B, and C, but can also result from alcohol abuse, autoimmune disorders, or certain medications. Cirrhosis is a progressive scarring of the liver tissue that impairs its function and is commonly caused by chronic hepatitis or long-term alcohol consumption. Liver cancer can arise from existing liver disease or spread from other parts of the body.

Biliary system disorders include gallstones, cholecystitis, and cholangitis. Gallstones are hard deposits that form in the gallbladder, potentially blocking bile flow. Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, often due to gallstone obstruction. Cholangitis is an infection of the bile ducts, which can be a serious condition requiring prompt medical attention. Symptoms of hepatobiliary disease can include jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes), abdominal pain, fatigue, nausea, and changes in stool or urine color. Diagnosis typically involves blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans, and sometimes liver biopsy. Treatment strategies vary widely depending on the specific condition and its severity, ranging from medication and lifestyle changes to surgical interventions.