hengitystehon

Hengitysteho (respiratory power) is a Finnish term used to describe the ability of the respiratory system to ventilate the lungs and maintain adequate gas exchange to meet metabolic demands. In clinical contexts the concept encompasses the performance of airways, lung tissue, chest wall, respiratory muscles, and the neural control that drives breathing. Adequate hengitysteho requires an open airway with low resistance, lungs with sufficient elastic recoil, a functioning diaphragm and intercostal muscles, and intact central regulation of breathing.

Determinants of hengitysteho include airway patency, lung compliance, chest wall mechanics, respiratory muscle strength, and neural drive. Different disorders can impair it, such as obstructive diseases that increase airway resistance, restrictive diseases that reduce lung volumes, neuromuscular weakness, and conditions affecting the chest wall or control of breathing. The concept also covers the work of breathing and the energy cost of ventilation.

Assessment of hengitysteho relies on clinical observation and objective tests. Spirometry provides measures like forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), while lung volumes and diffusion capacity (DLCO) quantify ventilatory capacity. Arterial blood gases (PaO2, PaCO2) and capnography evaluate gas exchange and ventilation. In acute and intensive care settings, ventilatory parameters and respiratory effort are monitored to determine the need for support, including non-invasive or invasive ventilation.

Clinical relevance centers on identifying impaired or excessive breathing effort, guiding treatment of underlying diseases, and applying supportive strategies to optimize ventilation and gas exchange, such as pharmacologic therapy, rehabilitation, and mechanical support when indicated.