hemolíticourêmico

Hemolytic uremic syndrome, often abbreviated as HUS, is a serious medical condition characterized by a triad of acute kidney failure, hemolytic anemia, and a low platelet count. It primarily affects young children, particularly those under five years old, though it can occur in individuals of any age. The most common cause of HUS is infection with Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, most notably certain strains of E. coli O157:H7. These bacteria can be transmitted through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected animals.

The Shiga toxin released by the bacteria damages the lining of small blood vessels, particularly in the kidneys. This damage leads to the destruction of red blood cells as they pass through these narrowed vessels, causing hemolytic anemia. The damaged vessels also become prone to forming small blood clots, which consume platelets, resulting in thrombocytopenia (low platelet count). These clots can further obstruct blood flow, contributing to kidney damage and the characteristic uremic symptoms, which include nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and decreased urine output.

Diagnosis of HUS is based on clinical presentation and laboratory findings, including blood tests to confirm anemia, low platelets, and evidence of kidney dysfunction. Treatment is primarily supportive, focusing on managing kidney failure, preventing complications, and rehydration. In severe cases, blood transfusions or dialysis may be necessary. Prompt medical attention is crucial as HUS can lead to significant long-term health problems, including chronic kidney disease, if not managed effectively.