hematurie

Hematuria refers to the presence of red blood cells in the urine. It can be visible to the naked eye, termed gross hematuria, or only detectable through microscopic examination, known as microscopic hematuria. The appearance of blood in urine can range from pink to red to cola-colored, depending on the amount of blood present. While often alarming, hematuria is not always indicative of a serious underlying condition.

Several factors can cause hematuria. Common causes include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, and strenuous physical activity. Bladder or kidney infections can lead to inflammation and bleeding. Kidney stones, formed from mineral deposits, can irritate the urinary tract lining as they pass. Certain medications, such as blood thinners, can also increase the risk of hematuria. In some cases, particularly in older men, an enlarged prostate can obstruct urine flow and cause bleeding.

More serious causes of hematuria can include kidney disease, such as glomerulonephritis, which affects the filtering units of the kidneys. Cancers of the kidney, bladder, or prostate are also potential causes, though less common. Trauma to the urinary tract can also result in bleeding. Diagnosis typically involves a urinalysis to confirm the presence of blood and identify other abnormalities like infection. Further investigations may include blood tests, imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans, and sometimes cystoscopy to visualize the bladder. Treatment depends entirely on the underlying cause.