hematoksiliinillä

Hematoksiliinillä refers to the use of hematoxylin as a stain. Hematoxylin is a natural dye derived from the heartwood of the logwood tree (Haematoxylum campechianum). In histology and pathology, it is most commonly used as a nuclear counterstain in conjunction with a cytoplasmic stain like eosin. This combination, known as hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, is one of the most widely used staining methods in microscopic tissue analysis.

When used as a stain, hematoxylin binds to acidic structures within cells, primarily the nucleus which contains DNA. The staining process typically involves oxidizing hematoxylin to hematein, which then forms a complex with a metal ion, often aluminum. This complex acts as a mordant, helping the dye adhere to cellular components. The resulting stained nuclei appear blue to purple under a microscope. The intensity and hue can vary depending on the specific formulation, pH, and duration of staining. Different types of hematoxylin stains exist, such as Mayer's hematoxylin, Gill's hematoxylin, and Harris' hematoxylin, each with slightly different properties and applications. Its widespread use is due to its ability to clearly delineate nuclear morphology, which is crucial for diagnosing various diseases, including cancer.