határfrekvenciája

Határfrekvenciája, often translated as cutoff frequency, is a fundamental concept in signal processing and electronics. It refers to the frequency at which a system, such as a filter or an amplifier, transitions from allowing signals to pass through largely unattenuated to significantly attenuating them. In simpler terms, it's the dividing line between frequencies that are "passed" and frequencies that are "blocked."

The exact definition and behavior around the cutoff frequency can vary depending on the type of filter. For a low-pass filter, the cutoff frequency marks the point above which frequencies are attenuated. Conversely, for a high-pass filter, it's the frequency below which signals are attenuated. Band-pass and band-stop filters have two cutoff frequencies, defining the edges of the passband or stopband, respectively.

The cutoff frequency is typically defined as the frequency at which the power of the signal is reduced by half, which corresponds to a reduction in amplitude by a factor of the square root of two (approximately 0.707). This is often referred to as the -3 dB point. Systems are characterized by their cutoff frequency because it dictates their ability to isolate or select specific frequency components from a signal. Understanding határfrekvenciája is crucial for designing circuits and systems that perform specific filtering tasks, such as noise reduction or signal conditioning.