happoemästitraatio

Happoemästitraatio, often referred to as acid-base titration, is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base solution. It involves the gradual addition of a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, to a solution of unknown concentration, called the analyte, until the reaction between them is complete. This completion point is known as the equivalence point.

In a typical acid-base titration, an indicator is used to signal the approach of the equivalence point. Indicators are substances that change color within a specific pH range. As the titrant is added, the pH of the analyte solution changes. When the indicator undergoes its color change, it suggests that the equivalence point has been reached or is very close. For precise measurements, potentiometric titration can be employed, where the pH is monitored continuously using a pH meter.

The calculations for determining the unknown concentration are based on the stoichiometry of the acid-base reaction. At the equivalence point, the moles of acid have reacted completely with the moles of base. By knowing the volume and concentration of the titrant used, and the volume of the analyte solution, the concentration of the analyte can be calculated using the formula M1V1 = M2V2, adjusted for the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants. This method is widely used in various fields, including chemistry education, environmental monitoring, and industrial quality control.