haloperidool

Haloperidol is a typical antipsychotic medication belonging to the butyrophenone class. It is primarily used to manage psychosis, including symptoms of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, such as hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Haloperidol also finds application in treating Tourette syndrome to control motor and vocal tics, and in short-term management of severe behavioral problems in children and adolescents, including aggression.

The mechanism of action for haloperidol involves blocking dopamine D2 receptors in the brain. This reduction in dopamine activity is believed to alleviate psychotic symptoms. It can be administered orally, intramuscularly, or intravenously, with long-acting injectable formulations available for patients requiring sustained treatment.

Common side effects of haloperidol include drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision, and constipation. More serious side effects can involve extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders) like tremors, muscle stiffness, and restlessness. Tardive dyskinesia, a potentially irreversible movement disorder, is a significant concern with long-term use. It can also cause QT interval prolongation, increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias.

Haloperidol is generally not recommended for individuals with certain medical conditions, including severe central nervous system depression or Parkinson's disease. Careful monitoring is necessary during treatment to manage side effects and ensure efficacy.