hagel

Hagel is the Dutch and German term for hail, a form of precipitation made up of solid ice particles that reach the ground as hailstones. It forms in strong convective clouds, typically cumulonimbus, where updrafts lift liquid droplets above the freezing level. As these droplets freeze, they add layers to a growing pellet. If the updraft remains sufficiently strong, the hailstone can be carried aloft and accumulate additional icy shells before it becomes too heavy and falls.

Hailstones vary in size from small pellets to golf-ball-sized or larger. They often show a layered internal structure and a rough outer surface. The size and duration of the hailstorm depend on atmospheric conditions, particularly updraft strength, moisture, and the temperature profile.

Hagel is most common in mid-latitude regions with frequent thunderstorm activity, including parts of North America, Europe, and Asia. Large hail can cause substantial damage to crops, roofs, vehicles, and buildings, and poses risks to aviation and outdoor activities. Economically, hailstorms contribute to insurance losses and drive agricultural risk management practices.

Warnings and forecasts for severe convective storms may mention hail risk, with meteorological agencies issuing warnings when large hail is possible. The phenomenon is studied within meteorology as part of severe weather, and is distinguished from sleet or freezing rain by its solid ice composition and independence from melting on contact with the ground in cold conditions.