hüpokloriite

Hypochlorite is an anion with the chemical formula ClO−. It is the conjugate base of hypochlorous acid. Hypochlorite compounds are often used as disinfectants and bleaching agents. Common examples include sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), found in household bleach, and calcium hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2), used in swimming pool sanitizers.

Hypochlorite is a strong oxidizing agent, which is the basis for its effectiveness in killing microorganisms and removing stains. In aqueous solutions, hypochlorite exists in equilibrium with hypochlorous acid. The relative proportions of these two species depend on the pH of the solution. At acidic pH, hypochlorous acid is more prevalent, while at alkaline pH, hypochlorite ion is favored.

Hypochlorites can be produced through the electrolysis of brine (a salt water solution). For example, the chlor-alkali process, when specifically controlled, can yield sodium hypochlorite. This method is widely used for the industrial production of bleach.

While effective, hypochlorites must be handled with care. They can be corrosive and react with other chemicals, sometimes producing hazardous gases. For instance, mixing bleach with acids can release chlorine gas, which is toxic. Proper storage and ventilation are important when working with hypochlorite solutions.