hüpertüreoidismini

Hyperthyroidism is a medical condition where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This hormone, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), regulates metabolism, affecting heart rate, body temperature, and energy levels. When there is an excess of these hormones, the body's metabolic rate speeds up significantly.

The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease, an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the thyroid gland, causing it to enlarge and overproduce hormones. Other causes include toxic nodules, where one or more nodules on the thyroid produce excessive hormones independently, and thyroiditis, which is inflammation of the thyroid gland that can cause a temporary release of stored hormones.

Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary but often include a rapid or irregular heartbeat, unexplained weight loss, tremors in the hands, nervousness, anxiety, irritability, increased appetite, heat intolerance, and changes in bowel patterns. Eye problems, known as Graves' ophthalmopathy, can also occur in individuals with Graves' disease.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure thyroid hormone levels and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Imaging tests like thyroid scans or ultrasounds may also be used to assess the thyroid gland's structure and function. Treatment aims to reduce the production of thyroid hormones or block their effects. Options include antithyroid medications, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy thyroid cells, or surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.