hüdroalüminatsiooniga

Hydroalumination is a chemical reaction where a carbon-metal bond is formed by the addition of a carbon-hydrogen bond across a carbon-carbon double or triple bond, catalyzed by an aluminum hydride species. This process is a type of hydrofunctionalization, specifically a hydroalkylation or hydroarylation when an alkyl or aryl group is involved. The general reaction involves an alkyne or alkene reacting with a metal hydride, typically one containing aluminum, to form a new carbon-metal bond.

The mechanism usually involves the coordination of the unsaturated substrate to the aluminum center, followed by insertion of the carbon-carbon multiple bond into the aluminum-hydrogen bond. This results in a new organoaluminum compound. The regioselectivity and stereoselectivity of the reaction can be influenced by the nature of the catalyst and the substrate. Common catalysts include aluminum hydrides like diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) and triethylaluminum (Et3Al) in combination with transition metal co-catalysts such as titanium or zirconium complexes.

Hydroalumination is a valuable synthetic tool for the formation of carbon-carbon bonds and the synthesis of organoaluminum compounds, which can then be further functionalized through reactions like protonolysis to yield alkanes or alkenes, or oxidation to form alcohols. It has applications in organic synthesis, particularly in the preparation of complex molecules and polymers. The reaction is often carried out under inert atmosphere due to the air and moisture sensitivity of many organoaluminum reagents.