hégémonique

The term *hégémonique* originates from the Greek word *hēgemonia*, meaning leadership or dominance, particularly in a political or cultural context. In modern usage, the concept is often associated with the idea of a state, group, or ideology exerting preeminent influence over others, either through overt power or by shaping norms, values, and perceptions to its advantage. The term gained prominence in political theory and international relations, particularly through the work of Italian Marxist Antonio Gramsci, who distinguished between *hégémonie* and direct coercion. For Gramsci, hegemony involved the voluntary consent of subaltern groups, achieved through cultural and ideological leadership rather than mere force.

In international relations, a *hégémonique* power refers to a state that dominates a system without necessarily controlling it through military occupation. This dominance is often maintained through economic, diplomatic, or ideological means, allowing the hegemon to set the rules and expectations for the broader system. Examples include the United States in the post-World War II era, which shaped global institutions like the United Nations and the Bretton Woods system, or the Roman Empire in antiquity, which established cultural and political frameworks across its dominions.

Critics of hegemonic systems argue that such dominance can lead to inequality, as lesser powers may be constrained by the hegemon’s interests. Conversely, proponents suggest that hegemony can provide stability by offering a framework for cooperation and conflict resolution. The concept remains relevant in discussions of global power structures, economic inequality, and cultural influence, where the balance of dominance continues to evolve.