guaraná

Guaraná, scientifically Paullinia cupana, is a climbing plant in the Sapindaceae family native to the Amazon basin. The plant produces small fruits whose seeds are valued for their stimulant properties.

The species is native to northern South America but is cultivated commercially in Brazil, Bolivia, and other parts of the Amazon region. It has become an important agricultural product in the countries where it is grown, with seeds processed for extract and powder used in foods and supplements.

Historically, Indigenous peoples such as the Guaraní used guaraná seeds to make a stimulating drink and for medicinal purposes. The name guaraná derives from the Guarani language. European traders later popularized its use in and beyond the region, contributing to its modern commercial presence.

Chemically, the seeds contain caffeine and related alkaloids, with caffeine comprising roughly 2–5% of the seed by weight depending on variety and processing. Theobromine and theophylline are also present. Seeds are dried, ground, or roasted to produce powder and extracts used in beverages, dietary supplements, and other products.

In modern commerce, guaraná is a common ingredient in soft drinks, energy drinks, and dietary supplements, frequently marketed for its stimulant effects. It is also used in some cosmetic products. Regulatory approaches vary by country, with labeling and caffeine-content requirements in many markets.