gruppmõtlemiseks

Gruppmõtlemine, or groupthink, is a psychological phenomenon that occurs within a group of people in which the desire for harmony or conformity in the group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome. Group members try to minimize conflict and reach a consensus decision without critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints, by actively suppressing dissenting viewpoints and isolating themselves from outside influences.

The term was coined by psychologist Irving Janis in 1972. Janis studied several historical instances of poor decision-making by government committees and concluded that groupthink was a contributing factor. He identified several symptoms of groupthink, including an illusion of invulnerability, a belief in the inherent morality of the group, rationalization of warnings, stereotyped views of out-groups, direct pressure on dissenters, self-censorship, an illusion of unanimity, and the emergence of self-appointed mindguards who protect the group from adverse information.

When groupthink is present, members often fail to consider all alternatives, to seek expert opinions, or to re-evaluate their preferred course of action. They may also fail to consider potential risks and contingency plans. This can lead to flawed decisions with serious consequences.

To mitigate groupthink, leaders can encourage critical evaluation of ideas, invite outside experts, and assign a devil's advocate to challenge the group's assumptions. Fostering an environment where dissent is welcomed and differing opinions are valued can help prevent the negative effects of groupthink and lead to more robust decision-making.

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