granülleri

Granülleri is a Turkish term that denotes small, discrete particles or inclusions, typically translated as granules. The word is formed from granül (granule) with plural and possessive suffixes, and it is used across different scientific and technical contexts to refer to tiny particles or storage units found in matter and living systems.

In biology and medicine, granülleri commonly describe subcellular granules—small vesicles or crystalloid inclusions that store, transport, or release substances. Examples include glycogen granülleri that store glucose polymers in liver and muscle cells, lipid granülleri that hold fats, and pigment granülleri such as melanin. Secretory granülleri are vesicles that accumulate and exocytose hormones, enzymes, or neurotransmitters; pancreatic acinar cells contain zymogen granülleri, and neurons release neurotransmitter-containing granülleri at synapses. In hematology, granulocytes contain azurophilic (primary) and specific (secondary) granülleri, which participate in antimicrobial defense and inflammatory responses.

In botany and plant physiology, starch granülleri are stored in plastids (amyloplasts) and serve as energy reserves, while pigment and protein granülleri contribute to coloration and metabolism in various tissues.

In geology and materials science, granülleri describe the mineral grains or particles that compose rocks, soils, and powders. The term is also used in pharmaceutical science to refer to granules produced by granulation processes, which enhance powder flow, content uniformity, and tablet formation.

Overall, granülleri encompass a broad range of meanings tied by the idea of small, discrete particles, whether in living organisms, nonliving matter, or manufactured materials.