glúkagóni

Glucagon is a peptide hormone produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas. It plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels. Glucagon's primary function is to counteract the effects of insulin, which lowers blood glucose. When blood glucose levels drop too low, such as during fasting or exercise, the pancreas releases glucagon.

Glucagon acts mainly on the liver. It stimulates the liver to break down glycogen, a stored form of glucose, into glucose. This process is called glycogenolysis. Additionally, glucagon promotes gluconeogenesis, the synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources like amino acids and lactate. The released glucose enters the bloodstream, raising blood glucose levels back to a normal range.

This counter-regulatory mechanism is essential for maintaining adequate glucose supply to the brain and other vital organs, which rely heavily on glucose for energy. Disruptions in glucagon production or its action can lead to conditions like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar), particularly in individuals with diabetes. Glucagon is often administered medically to treat severe hypoglycemia.