glénoïdal

Glénoïdal refers to the glenoid or glenoid cavity of the scapula, the shallow articular surface that forms the socket of the shoulder joint (glenohumeral joint) when paired with the humeral head. The glenoid is located on the lateral aspect of the scapula and is oriented to face somewhat anteriorly and laterally. The articular surface is relatively shallow, and its rim is deepened by the fibrocartilaginous glenoid labrum, which increases the articular surface and helps stabilize the joint.

Variations in glenoid morphology include glenoid version (anterversion or retroversion) and inclination, which influence joint stability and are considered in preoperative planning for shoulder arthroplasty. The typical glenoid shape is pear-like, with a relatively flat portion superiorly and a slightly more concave inferior region. The labrum, joint capsule, ligaments, and the rotator cuff muscles collectively contribute to the stability of the glénoïdal region.

Pathology affecting the glénoïdal region includes labral tears and bony defects resulting from dislocations, as well as osteoarthritis and other degenerative changes. In trauma or before arthroplasty, imaging modalities such as X-ray, CT, and MRI are used to assess glenoid version, bone loss, and labral integrity.

Clinically, the glénoïdal surface is essential to the function of the shoulder, enabling a wide range of motion while maintaining joint congruence. Its integrity is crucial for normal shoulder biomechanics and stability, and abnormalities can lead to pain, instability, or reduced function.