glikozilne

Glikozilne refers to a class of organic compounds known as glycosides. These are molecules in which a sugar molecule, or glycone, is bonded to another functional group through a glycosidic bond. The non-sugar part of the molecule is called the aglycone or genin. This glycosidic bond is typically formed between the anomeric carbon of the sugar and a hydroxyl group of the aglycone.

Glycosides are widespread in nature, occurring in plants, animals, and microorganisms. They play diverse roles in biological systems, including energy storage, signaling, defense mechanisms, and detoxification. For example, many plant pigments, such as anthocyanins, are glycosides, responsible for the vibrant colors of flowers and fruits. Certain plant-derived compounds with medicinal properties, like digoxin from foxglove, are also glycosides.

The properties of a glycoside are a combination of those of the sugar moiety and the aglycone. The sugar component often enhances the solubility of the aglycone in water, which can be important for transport and biological activity. Conversely, the aglycone can impart specific pharmacological or chemical characteristics. Hydrolysis, the breaking of the glycosidic bond, typically requires enzymes called glycosidases, which are specific for the type of glycoside. This enzymatic cleavage releases the sugar and the aglycone, often activating or deactivating the compound's biological function.