glikokálix

The glycocalyx is a layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. It is composed of carbohydrate chains that are covalently attached to proteins and lipids on the outer surface of the cell membrane. These carbohydrate chains can be short or long, branched or unbranched, and their composition varies depending on the cell type and its function. The glycocalyx plays a crucial role in various cellular processes. It is involved in cell-to-cell recognition, enabling cells to identify and interact with each other. This is particularly important during embryonic development and in the immune system's response to foreign cells. The glycocalyx also contributes to cell adhesion, helping cells to stick together to form tissues. Furthermore, it acts as a protective barrier, shielding the cell from mechanical stress and chemical injury. In some cases, the glycocalyx can also bind to signaling molecules, influencing cellular responses. The specific structure and composition of the glycocalyx are highly dynamic, changing in response to the cell's environment and physiological state. Understanding the glycocalyx is essential for comprehending a wide range of biological phenomena, including development, immunity, and disease.