glicocálix

The glycocalyx is a component of animal cell surfaces. It is a layer or coating of glycoproteins and glycolipids that extends from the plasma membrane of cells. This outer covering is not rigid but rather a dynamic and fluid structure that is constantly being synthesized and degraded. The carbohydrate portions of these molecules are exposed on the outer surface of the cell membrane, forming the glycocalyx.

The glycocalyx plays a crucial role in various cellular functions. It is involved in cell-cell recognition, allowing cells to identify and interact with each other, which is vital for tissue formation and immune responses. It also contributes to cell adhesion, helping cells to stick together and form tissues. Furthermore, the glycocalyx acts as a barrier, protecting the cell from mechanical and chemical damage. It can also mediate interactions with the extracellular environment, influencing cell signaling and nutrient uptake. In some cases, it helps prevent cells from sticking to each other, particularly in the bloodstream. The specific composition and structure of the glycocalyx can vary significantly between different cell types, reflecting their specialized functions.